Which type of shock is characterized by vasodilation and relative hypovolemia?

Distributive shock is characterized by vasodilation and relative hypovolemia. In this type of shock, there is an abnormal distribution of blood flow within the microcirculation leading to inadequate tissue perfusion despite an adequate or elevated cardiac output. Conditions such as sepsis, anaphylaxis, or neurogenic shock can cause this excessive vasodilation, resulting in a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. The consequence of this vasodilation is a relative hypovolemia, where there is sufficient blood volume present but it is not effectively utilized due to the expanded vascular system, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues. Recognizing distributive shock is crucial for timely management and intervention to restore proper circulation and perfusion.